原帖来自美国最大的音响论坛avsforum的置顶贴”9 Things to Consider When Shopping for a Subwoofer”
解答了一些最常见的问题，对入门不久的新人应该有较大帮助。原贴太长，不全译了，只选译其中部分。想看全文而不想看蟹文的可用google、bing或百度的网上自动翻译。文章由rltn翻译
Whether you're looking for your first serious sub or are considering an upgrade to the system of your dreams, here's a handy list of things to think about when you're shopping for a subwoofer.
不管你是第一次买炮还是升级，下面是需考虑之事的清单。
1. One Subwoofer or Multiple Subs?
单炮还是多炮？
- Most experts agree that using multiple, well-placed subs can result in more even bass response throughout a room than one sub can achieve. I recommend spending some time in the Subwoofers, Bass, and Transducers forum talking it out with AVS forum members who have experience putting together multi-sub systems.
大多数专家同意，用放好位置的多炮比单炮低频更均匀...
- Many people have space for only one sub. Others have permission to purchase only one subwoofer. In these instances, get the best one you can afford.
很多人只有放单炮的空间，其他人只有买单炮的许可（太太万岁，中外皆同）。如有以上情况，买能预算内最好的单炮。
- In a system with two or more subwoofers, the overall performance of the system is more important than the performance of each individual sub. With multiple subs, you might not need as powerful a model as you would with only one.
- Every time you double the number of subwoofers in a system, you increase output by 6 dB (assuming they are playing at the same level). As a result, you can decrease the overall subwoofer level, and each one needn't work so hard to achieve a given volume in the room.
炮的数目每增加一倍，输出增加6dB...
- With a single subwoofer, you can use EQ to optimize bass response for one seat or a small area, but not for a larger audience such as a home theater with multiple rows.
- If you have a home theater with multiple seats and rows, you'll get the best bass response using multiple subwoofers.
- If you deploy multiple subs, they don't all have to be the same model. However, they should be similar in terms of capability.
2. Sealed, Ported, Passive Radiator, Horn-Loaded, Infinite Baffle
密封、导向，被动辐射单元、号角、无限障板
- Sealed subwoofers are the simplest design, typically consisting of either one or two drivers mounted in an airtight enclosure.
密封炮设计最简单...
- If you're looking for compact subwoofer, sealed is the way to go.
如果要炮尺寸小，就选密封炮。
- Ported subwoofers rely on a tuned port to amplify bass response at a specific resonance frequency.
- Some ported subs include more than one port, and you can put a plug in one or another port to change the tuning.
- Passive radiators are drivers with no voice coil; they vibrate in response to changing air pressure within the enclosure. They behave similarly to ports, converting energy that would otherwise be lost into extra bass output at whatever frequency they are tuned to.
被动单元没有音圈...和导向管相似...
- Subwoofers that feature passive radiators tend to cost a bit more than similar sealed or ported subs.
被动单元的炮比密封、导向贵。
- Inexpensive ported subwoofers tend to have high tuning frequencies that compromise performance; if your budget is low, it's probably better to stick with sealed subs.
廉价导向炮常有高调谐频率，影响表现。如预算有限，选密封。
- Some sealed subs use multiple drivers in a force-cancelling configuration where the cones are facing in opposite directions. This is a very effective design for getting a lot of clean output from a small box, but models that implement it tend to be pricey.
- Large, ported subwoofers often represent the best bang for the buck for home-theater applications.
影院大导向炮性价比最高。
- Horn-loaded subs place a horn in front of the driver and offer high sensitivity, but they take up quite a bit of space.
号角炮在单元前放个号角，增加灵敏度
- Infinite-baffle subwoofers consist of raw drivers that are typically installed in basements or attics and use that space as a giant enclosure. They can also use an adjacent room to that effect. This type of system can generate bass that is very clean and deep, but it can be very expensive.
3. Output and Low-Frequency Extension
输出功率和低频下潜
- Output refers to how loud a subwoofer can play, measured in dB SPL (decibels sound pressure level).
输出功率是指炮可以放得多响，用db spl测量。
- Bass extension refers to the lowest frequency a subwoofer can reproduce at a certain level, measured in Hz (hertz).
下潜是指炮可以播放的最低频率，用hz测量。
- Peak output, continuous output, and low-frequency extension are key specs in determining if a subwoofer is right for your application.
最大输出、持续输出、下潜是决定某炮是否适合你使用的三大要素。
- Typically, humans can hear down to 20 Hz, but subwoofers that play clean down to this frequency are not cheap.
人耳一般能听到20hz的低音，但能清楚重播到这个频率的炮不便宜。
- 16 Hz is the lowest frequency used in classical music; subwoofers that can play clean and loud down to 16 Hz are comparatively rare, but the effect they create is awe-inspiring.
古典音乐最低可到16hz...
- If you use a subwoofer mostly with music, the output and bass extension you need depends on the genres you listen to and the volume level you typically use. Hip-hop and electronic music demand deeper extension than most orchestral, rock, folk, or jazz recordings. Some compact subs can play very deep, just not at earth-shattering levels.
选音乐用的单炮，需要的输出和下潜决定于你听什么类型的音乐，和聆听时的音量。嘻哈、电子音乐比大部分的交响、摇滚、民谣、爵士要求的下潜更低...
- Many movies, especially action flicks, include lots of very low-frequency content such as explosions, rockets, etc., and these sounds are normally intended to be played pretty loud. For this application, a sub that has low bass extension and high output is ideal, though satisfying both criteria can be expensive.
很多电影，尤其是动作片，一般都是爆炸、火箭之类，音量要求高。下潜低、输出量大的炮最为理想，但会较贵。
- Unless you play music and movies at extremely high levels, you'll probably get more satisfaction out of a subwoofer that offers good low-frequency extension but modest output, as opposed to a subwoofer that offers limited low-frequency extension but a lot of output at higher frequencies.
除非你音乐和电影的播放声压大，否则下潜深输出功率中等的炮比下潜浅输出大的更合适。
4. Driver and Cabinet Size
单元和箱体的尺寸
- It's easier to get more and deeper bass out of a larger sub. If you have the room, you will get more bang for your buck with large subs.
- Typically, sealed subwoofers are smaller than ported subs.
- The size of the driver is only one factor in how well a subwoofer performs.
单元大小只是决定炮好坏的因素之一
- You won't find subs with 18" and larger drivers in stores, but they are available for folks who need massive quantities of bass from online sources and DIY suppliers.
- Depending on the size and shape of your room, it may be easier to fit two or three smaller subs than one large sub.
5. Powered or Passive?
有源还是被动？
- A powered subwoofer has amplification built-in. Passive subs rely on external amplification.
- The vast majority of manufactured, standalone subwoofers are powered.
绝大部分的品牌炮都是有源炮。
- Powered subs typically include controls to blend the sub with the speaker system, such as volume, phase, and a lowpass filter.
- DIY subwoofers are often passive designs and rely on external amplification. However, DIYers can choose to use a plate amp that attaches to the cabinet if they want to build a powered sub.
- Infinite-baffle subwoofers and other types on in-wall subs are typically passive, relying on external amps and DSP to integrate properly with speaker systems.
- Standalone passive subs are more common in the world of pro audio than consumer audio.
6. Features and Controls
功能和操控
- Entry-level subwoofers often offer only one line-level input and a couple of controls such as volume and lowpass filter. Typically, these are found on the rear of the unit where they are hard to reach. Subs with controls on the front panel are much easier to adjust.
- More advanced subwoofers offer features like stereo inputs, highpass outputs, and variable phase control.
- Top-of-the-line subwoofers feature balanced XLR connections that reject noise and are good for long cable runs.
- If you are using a subwoofer in a 2-channel system that does not offer preamp outputs, then you should look for a sub that offers speaker-level inputs.
- Some subwoofers, such as ELAC's S10EQ and S12EQ models as well as SVS Sound's 16-Ultra series, let you control various parameters with a smartphone app; this can be very useful for making adjustments.
- Subs with built-in EQ are recommended for audio systems that don't offer that functionality as part of the AVR's or pre/pro's feature set.
- If your AVR or pre/pro offers sub EQ, you can avoid that redundant feature in the sub itself and potentially save some money.
如你的功放已有低频管理，可不选有EQ的炮，节省宝贵经费。
- MiniDSP makes a series of products such as the miniDSP 2X4 ($105) that make it easy to EQ subwoofers and perform bass management, with very fine control over parameters.
MiniDSP卖105刀的miniDSP 2X4有EQ炮的功能...
7. Music vs Movies
音乐对电影
- Movies tend to be more demanding than music when it comes to the deepest bass frequencies. If you are a home-cinema nut, it makes sense to prioritize bass extension and output above size and aesthetics.
- Ported subs are much more efficient than sealed subs at their tuning frequency. To get maximum bang for your buck in a home-theater sub, look for a ported model tuned nice and low, preferably under 20 Hz.
- There is no such thing as a subwoofer that's better for music or home theater. If it performs poorly in one application, it's sure to perform poorly in the other.
没有哪个炮音乐或影院较好这回事。如果它一项不行，另一项肯定也不怎么滴。
- Some audiophiles reject subwoofers altogether, but it's rare that a properly integrated subwoofer or two won't improve a system's performance.
- Music lovers looking to extend the bass performance of bookshelf speakers may find that a compact sealed sub is all they need.
玩书架箱的音乐爱好者，可能加个小密封炮就够了。
8. The DIY Option
DIY选择
- Do you have woodworking skills and a desire to take on challenging project? The DIY community on AVS Forum can show you another way to bass bliss.
有木工手艺，又喜欢接受挑战? DIY吧...
- Kits make it easy to build your own subs if you don't have woodworking skills.
- The savings of the DIY approach increase when you get into building multiple subwoofers or very large and powerful subwoofers.
- DIY is obviously not plug and play; if you want a subwoofer that works from the get-go, you need to buy something that's already been assembled.
9. Budget and Recommendations
预算和推荐
推荐的炮很多国内没有，大家看看就好
- Subwoofers don't have to cost a fortune, see this list in AVS Forum for a wide variety of subs priced under $300.
- For under a hundred bucks, you can get the #1 best-selling subwoofer on Amazon.com, the Polk Audio 10" PSW10 ($88). Frequency response is specified at 35 Hz to 200 Hz, with a -3 dB point of 40 Hz; that's deep enough to add oomph to bookshelf or satellite speakers. Another inexpensive option is the Monoprice 12" #9723 ($108), which was singled out by thewirecutter.com as the best budget subwoofer. While you should not expect miracles from an ultra-budget subwoofer, it's surprising how much performance you can buy for around a hundred bucks these days.
- In the zone between $100 and $400, you'll find numerous viable options. The Bic Acoustech PL-200 12" sub ($250) gets mentioned quite often and promises a frequency response from 22 to 200 Hz at a rather low price. The Dayton Audio SUB-1500 15" 150-watt sub ($200) is large and heavy, and it will get you down to 24 Hz without breaking the bank; it too has received much positive feedback.
- The Klipsch Reference 10" R-10SW ($350) offers a frequency response from 32 Hz to 120 Hz (+/-3 dB) in a compact enclosure. Another option under $400 is the Definitive Technology ProSub 1000 ($375), which is often cited as a great performer, even if the specified frequency response from 18 to 150 Hz is a bit optimistic.
- At prices between $400 and $1000, there is an incredible variety of subs in all shapes and sizes. The SVS PB2000 ($800) brings impressive output and infrasonic capability to the table, as does the Klipsch R-115SW ($900), the Hsu VTF-15H MK2 ($900), and the Power Sound Audio 15V ($950).
- The $400-$1000 price range is also a sweet spot for DIY projects and kits; that's a rabbit hole I strongly recommend you dive into if you're interested in getting maximum bang for your dollar; check out the AVS Forum DIY Speakers and Subs section if that sounds appealing. Parts Express has the Ultimax 15" driver and cabinet bundles for $300 each. Assemble a pair of those and power them with a pro amp like a Behringer iNuke NU3000DSP ($280), and you'll have two amazing 15" sealed subs plus access to sophisticated parametric EQ, volume limiting, and crossover controls—all for under a grand.
- Above $1000, the field starts to split between luxury and capability. On the one hand, you start to see unbelievably powerful subwoofers with huge drivers, such as Seaton Sound's amazing SubMersive line and JTR Audio's Orbit Shifter ($3500 factory direct). On the flipside, you see refined luxury subs like KEF's R400b ($1700), a model that packs dual 9-inch aluminum drivers inside a stylish 14" cube, and yet it manages to dig down to 16 Hz. If price is no object, Paradigm offers the Signature Sub 2 ($9000), and if that's still not enough, JL Audio's Gotham G213 V2 sub ($15,000) is worth a listen—it's as over-the-top as luxury subwoofers get.
1000美元以上的炮，可分为豪华款和功能派二大类。功能派单元大，功率强，如Seaton Sound的SubMersive系列、JTR Audio's Orbit Shifter (3500刀。标价，下同)。豪华款有KEF R400b (1700刀)，双9寸潜到16Hz。如价格不是问题，还有百里登Sub 2（9000刀），不够还有顶级的JL G213 V2 sub (15,000刀)。
七查
买低音炮和在宅嗨网咨询前应先自问和确认以下几点。
1. Your budget.
预算
This seems like an obvious thing to state when seeking advice, but many people neglect to mention this anywhere. If you have a budget of $200 but don't mention this and say you want awesome performance, you'll be getting a lot of suggestions for PB13 Ultras, Conquests, F113's, etc. Please cut down the frustration for everyone and simply state a budget range, preferably making it clear to those who desire to help you whether or not this budget includes shipping and taxes
2. Size requirements/limits.
尺寸限制
If you say you have a $700 budget but fail to inform us that you need a 10" cube form factor, you can rest assured you'll be receiving recommendations for Epik Knights, eD A5-350's, MFW-15's, etc, none of which will come anywhere close to meeting your need for a tiny box. When size matters, please say so!
如炮太大，房间放不下等等。
3. Room dimensions.
房间大小
If you have a 10,000 cubic foot room and a $150 budget, chances are we can't help much. Still, room dimensions can make a big impact on recommendations. Small subs like the SVS SB12 Plus are great subs for music and pretty good for HT, but they'll prove to be insufficient in huge rooms.
长x宽x高，100立方尺=2.83立方米。
4. Primary uses.
主要用途
Given a certain budget, one sub might be a better choice for HT, while another might be a better sub for music. Of course quality subs can do both well. Still, giving an estimate of usage (example: 60% HT/TV viewing, 30% music, 10% gaming) will help others give better recommendations.
音乐还是影院，兼修的各占多少百分比。
5. Listening habits.
聆听习惯
Listening habits can dictate what sub you'll need. Many AVS members are a bit excessive with their bass requirements and desires (myself included). However, not everyone needs two Epik Conquests in their 2500 cubic foot room. If you realistically won't be listening at really high volumes, say so. On the other hand, if you like to watch concert DVDs at SPL levels that make live concerts seem tame by comparison, we need to know that too.
如音量等。
6. Appearance requirements.
外观要求
Some people have no problem putting a huge box with a rough, black cabinet in their dedicated home theater. Others need a nicely finished cabinet to fit well in the family room. Please make any aesthetic requirements known so those giving advice will be better able to assist you.
7. Timeframe.
时间限制
There are many new subwoofer manufacturers that sell direct over the internet and have enjoyed extremely high popularity in a very short time span. Unfortunately, this has caused severe backorders on their products, as they have not been able to keep up with demand. Try to let us know if getting the sub right away is a priority, as it might affect the suggestions you receive depending on whether or not certain companies are backlogged.
一些作坊炮要订做要等，一般品牌炮无此问题。
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